Add security hardening and PostgreSQL 18 upgrade support

Add ALLOWED_HOSTS configuration to restrict trusted hosts in TrustedHostMiddleware. Enhance SSRF protection to block all private, loopback, link-local, multicast, reserved, and unspecified IP addresses using ipaddress module and DNS resolution checks. Add encrypt_value/decrypt_value aliases for encryption functions. Upgrade PostgreSQL from 16 to 18.4 in Docker Compose with updated data directory path (/var/lib/postgresql). Add security_opt no

.env.example

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ MAX_LOGIN_ATTEMPTS=5
 LOGIN_LOCKOUT_MINUTES=15
 RATE_LIMIT_DEFAULT=100
 RATE_LIMIT_LOGIN=10
+ALLOWED_HOSTS=localhost,127.0.0.1,testserver,nexadash-api
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------
 # Mail (SMTP)

README.md

@@ -112,6 +112,21 @@ docker compose up -d
 docker compose exec api alembic upgrade head
 ```
 
+### PostgreSQL 18 Upgrade Note
+
+The bundled Docker Compose stack uses PostgreSQL 18.4. PostgreSQL 18 changed the
+official Docker image data directory, so existing PostgreSQL 16/17 deployments
+should be backed up before upgrading and restored into the new container:
+
+```bash
+docker compose exec postgres pg_dump -U nexadash nexadash > nexadash-backup.sql
+docker compose down
+docker volume rm nexadash_postgres_data
+docker compose up -d postgres
+docker compose exec -T postgres psql -U nexadash nexadash < nexadash-backup.sql
+docker compose up -d
+```
+
 ## Developer Setup
 
 ### Backend

apps/api/src/config.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
     LOGIN_LOCKOUT_MINUTES: int = 15
     RATE_LIMIT_DEFAULT: int = 100
     RATE_LIMIT_LOGIN: int = 10
+    ALLOWED_HOSTS: str = "localhost,127.0.0.1,testserver,nexadash-api"
 
     # Mail
     SMTP_HOST: str = ""

apps/api/src/main.py

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ from apps.api.src.models.base import Base
 from apps.api.src.security.rate_limit import limiter
 
 
+def _parse_csv_setting(value: str) -> list[str]:
+    return [item.strip() for item in value.split(",") if item.strip()]
+
+
 class SecurityHeadersMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
     async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next):
         response = await call_next(request)
@@ -60,7 +64,7 @@ def create_app() -> FastAPI:
         allow_headers=["*"],
     )
     app.add_middleware(SecurityHeadersMiddleware)
-    app.add_middleware(TrustedHostMiddleware, allowed_hosts=["*"])
+    app.add_middleware(TrustedHostMiddleware, allowed_hosts=_parse_csv_setting(settings.ALLOWED_HOSTS))
 
     app.include_router(api_router)
 

apps/api/src/security/encryption.py

@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ def decrypt_secret(ciphertext: str) -> str:
     return _get_fernet().decrypt(ciphertext.encode()).decode()
 
 
+encrypt_value = encrypt_secret
+decrypt_value = decrypt_secret
+
+
 def hash_token(token: str) -> str:
     return hashlib.sha256(token.encode()).hexdigest()
 

apps/api/src/security/ssrf.py

@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
+import ipaddress
+import socket
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
 
 
-BLOCKED_SCHEMES = {"file", "gopher", "ftp", "dict", "ldap", "tftp"}
 BLOCKED_HOSTS = {
     "localhost",
-    "127.0.0.1",
-    "0.0.0.0",
-    "::1",
-    "169.254.169.254",  # AWS metadata
 }
 
 
+def _is_blocked_ip(value: str) -> bool:
+    try:
+        ip = ipaddress.ip_address(value)
+    except ValueError:
+        return False
+    return (
+        ip.is_private
+        or ip.is_loopback
+        or ip.is_link_local
+        or ip.is_multicast
+        or ip.is_reserved
+        or ip.is_unspecified
+    )
+
+
 def is_safe_url(url: str) -> bool:
     try:
         parsed = urlparse(url)
@@ -21,12 +33,17 @@ def is_safe_url(url: str) -> bool:
     hostname = parsed.hostname
     if not hostname:
         return False
-    if hostname.lower() in BLOCKED_HOSTS:
+    hostname = hostname.strip().lower().rstrip(".")
+    if hostname in BLOCKED_HOSTS:
         return False
-    # Block internal IP ranges
+    if _is_blocked_ip(hostname):
-    parts = hostname.split(".")
+        return False
-    if len(parts) == 4 and all(p.isdigit() for p in parts):
+    try:
-        first = int(parts[0])
+        resolved = socket.getaddrinfo(hostname, None, type=socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-        if first in {10, 127} or (first == 192 and parts[1] == "168"):
+    except socket.gaierror:
+        return False
+    for result in resolved:
+        address = result[4][0]
+        if _is_blocked_ip(address):
             return False
     return True

apps/api/tests/test_security.py

@@ -24,6 +24,10 @@ def test_mask_secret():
 def test_ssrf_protection():
     assert not is_safe_url("http://localhost:8000")
     assert not is_safe_url("http://127.0.0.1/admin")
+    assert not is_safe_url("http://10.0.0.1/admin")
+    assert not is_safe_url("http://172.16.0.1/admin")
+    assert not is_safe_url("http://192.168.1.1/admin")
+    assert not is_safe_url("http://[::1]/admin")
     assert not is_safe_url("http://169.254.169.254")
     assert not is_safe_url("ftp://example.com")
     assert is_safe_url("https://example.com/api")

compose.yaml

@@ -2,20 +2,22 @@ name: nexadash
 
 services:
   postgres:
-    image: postgres:16-alpine
+    image: postgres:18.4-alpine
     container_name: nexadash-postgres
     restart: unless-stopped
     environment:
-      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER:-nexadash}
+      POSTGRES_USER: ${POSTGRES_USER:?Set POSTGRES_USER in .env}
-      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD:-change-this-strong-password}
+      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: ${POSTGRES_PASSWORD:?Set POSTGRES_PASSWORD in .env}
-      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB:-nexadash}
+      POSTGRES_DB: ${POSTGRES_DB:?Set POSTGRES_DB in .env}
     volumes:
-      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
+      - postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U ${POSTGRES_USER:-nexadash} -d ${POSTGRES_DB:-nexadash}"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U \"$${POSTGRES_USER}\" -d \"$${POSTGRES_DB}\""]
       interval: 10s
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
     networks:
       - nexadash
 
@@ -23,14 +25,18 @@ services:
     image: redis:7-alpine
     container_name: nexadash-redis
     restart: unless-stopped
-    command: redis-server --requirepass ${REDIS_PASSWORD:-change-this-redis-password}
+    command: ["sh", "-c", "redis-server --requirepass \"$${REDIS_PASSWORD}\""]
+    environment:
+      REDIS_PASSWORD: ${REDIS_PASSWORD:?Set REDIS_PASSWORD in .env}
     volumes:
       - redis_data:/data
     healthcheck:
-      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "-a", "${REDIS_PASSWORD:-change-this-redis-password}", "ping"]
+      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "REDISCLI_AUTH=\"$${REDIS_PASSWORD}\" redis-cli ping"]
       interval: 10s
       timeout: 5s
       retries: 5
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
     networks:
       - nexadash
 
@@ -61,6 +67,8 @@ services:
       interval: 30s
       timeout: 10s
       retries: 3
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
     networks:
       - nexadash
 
@@ -84,6 +92,8 @@ services:
       CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND: ${CELERY_RESULT_BACKEND}
     volumes:
       - plugin_data:/app/plugins
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
     networks:
       - nexadash
 
@@ -107,6 +117,8 @@ services:
       interval: 30s
       timeout: 10s
       retries: 3
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
     networks:
       - nexadash